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The process of finding a good developer is very difficult and time-consuming, as you have to take into account their skill set, experience, culture fit, and more.
Being a full-stack developer is essential to keep up with the changes in the market. So to get the job you want, it’s important for you to know what interviewers are looking for. You will need to be sure that your core skills are up-to-date and that you understand the various frameworks and languages.
There are many things to consider when interviewing for any role, but the most important thing is understanding what skillset you are hoping to invest in.
Questions are asked during the interview process to allow the interviewer to determine the candidate’s ability level. This article will guide you on what questions are typically asked during an interview for a full-stack developer.
We are going to discuss the top 50 full stack developer important questions that are most commonly asked in interviews. But before directly jumping to the interview questions, we shall have a brief introduction of a Full Stack Developer. A powerful developer is the backbone of any company.
Make sure you’re prepared for your next job interview by learning these important questions that are most commonly asked in interviews.
No matter what industry you’re in, the software and hardware that we use every day are becoming more and more complicated.
We need more people who can work on them to keep them up and running. More and more companies are looking for people who can code on both the front end (designing interfaces) and the back end (running programs). They call these people full-stack developers.
The full-stack engineer job description includes the use of a variety of different technologies and languages (such as Java, JavaScript, HTML, PHP, and C#) to develop applications.
A full-stack Web developer is a good example of this model because the developer has a wide range of technologies and general knowledge of the platform, as well as deep experience and expertise in several of these concepts.
Typically, this type of developer comes from a start-up environment where extensive knowledge of all aspects of web development is critical to the survival of the company.
However, developers who do not have an official name but have an impressive portfolio, reliable reference materials, and open-source work may also be very competitive candidates.
A Full-Stack developer is a person who can develop software for both the user and the service provider.
In simple language, a Full-Stack developer has the knowledge of the full stack of technology that makes up a website. They are very comfortable in both front-end and back-end languages.
A Full-Stack Developer is proficient in:
Ans – Success factors for successive integration are-
Ans – DevOps is a newly emerging term in the IT field, which is nothing but a practice that emphasizes the collaboration and communication of both software developers and other information technology (IT) professionals. It focuses on delivering software products faster and lowering the failure rate of releases.
Ans – In the simplest terms, git pull
does a git fetch
followed by a git merge
.
pull
automatically merges them without giving you any chance to review them first. If you don’t manage your branches with a keen eye, you may be face to face with many problems.fetch
, Git gathers any commits from the target branch that do not exist in your current branch and stores them in your local repository. However, it does not merge them with your current branch. This is particularly useful if you need to keep your repository up to date, but are working on something that might break if you update your files. To integrate the commits into your master branch, you use merge
.Ans – The asynchronous function requires callbacks as a return parameter. When multiple asynchronous functions are chained together then a callback hell situation comes up.
Ans – CORS, an abbreviation for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, is a process used to gain authority over different web resources on different domains.
With the help of CORS, the integration of web scripts can be implemented more freely with the external content of the original domain.
Ans – Let’s first look at an example of each:
// ES5 Function Constructor
function Person(name) {
this.name = name;
}
// ES6 Class
class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
For simple constructors, they look pretty similar.
The main difference in the constructor is observed when the effect of inheritance comes into play. If we want to create a Student
class that subclasses Person
and add a studentId
field, this is what we have to do in addition to the above.
// ES5 Function Constructor
function Student(name, studentId) {
// Call constructor of superclass to initialize superclass-derived members.
Person.call(this, name);
// Initialize subclass's own members.
this.studentId = studentId;
}
Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Student.prototype.constructor = Student;
// ES6 Class
class Student extends Person {
constructor(name, studentId) {
super(name);
this.studentId = studentId;
}
}
It’s much more verbose to use inheritance in ES5 and the ES6 version, here it is easier to understand and remember.
Ans – The process of improving the performance of the CPU is known as Multi-Threading. Usually, it is seen as the ability of a program to be managed by multiple users at a single time.
It is done by the execution of multiple processes that are supported by the operating system.
Ans – Continuous Integration is the process of implementation of codes that are specially designed & automated for testing. During the time of production, it helps the developers to apply the codes simply. Web developers prefer this process for the integration of codes many times a day. Continuous Integration helps in detecting errors quickly and locating them more easily.
Ans – “use strict” is a statement that is used to enable strict mode to entire scripts or individual functions. Strict mode is a way to opt-in to a restricted variant of JavaScript.
Advantages-
this
is undefined in the global context.Disadvantages-
function.caller
and function.arguments
.Ans – Both are ways to implement a module system, which was not natively present in JavaScript until ES2015 came along. CommonJS is synchronous while AMD (Asynchronous Module Definition) is obviously asynchronous.
CommonJS is designed with back-end development in mind while AMD, with its support for asynchronous loading of modules, is more intended for browsers.
In my opinion, most would find AMD syntax to be quite dull and CommonJS is closer to the style you would write import statements in other languages. Most of the time, I find AMD unnecessary, because if you served all your JavaScript into one concatenated bundle file, you wouldn’t benefit from the async loading properties.
Also, CommonJS syntax is closer to the Node style of writing modules and there is less context-switching overhead when switching between client-side and server-side JavaScript development.
I’m glad that with ES2015 modules, that have support for both synchronous and asynchronous loading, we can finally just stick to one approach. Although it hasn’t been fully rolled out in browsers and in Node, we can always use transpilers to convert our code.
Ans – In a language implementing classical inheritance like Java, C#, or C++ you start by creating a class–a blueprint for your objects – and then you can create new objects from that class or you can extend the class, defining a new class that augments the original class.
In JavaScript, you first create an object (there is no concept of class), and then you can augment your own object or create new objects from it.
Every object in Javascript has a prototype. JavaScript’s inheritance system is based on prototypes, and not class-based. When a message reaches an object, JavaScript will make an attempt to find a property in that object first. If it cannot find it, then the message will be sent directly to the object’s prototype, and so on. That behaviour is called prototype chain or in many places, prototype inheritance.
Constructor functions are the most preferred way in JavaScript when it comes to constructing prototype chains. When we use new
, JavaScript injects an implicit reference to the new object being created in the form of this
keyword. It also returns this reference completely at the end of the function.
function Foo() {
this.kind = ‘foo’
}
var foo = new Foo();
foo.kind //=> ‘foo’
Ans- Arrow functions should NOT be used:
Ans – Pair Programming is one of the core elements of extreme programming in which two developers are required to work on the same terminal.
The one developer whose task is to write the code is called the “Driver” and the other who is responsible for reviewing the codes is called the “Navigator”.
Ans – Long Polling is a pattern in web development that is used to improve pushing data from the server to the client. By using a Long Polling pattern, the Client requests information from the server.
If the server does not have any information about the client, the server holds the request and waits for some information to be available instead of sending an empty resource.
Ans –
Ans – According to industry experts, a candidate who is passionate about full-stack development should be aware of the following trends:
Ans – The main and most important difference between REST and GraphQL is that GraphQL does not deal with dedicated resources. Instead, everything is considered as a graph and therefore is connected and can be queried to the app's exact needs.
Ans – Libuv is a support library of Node.js used for asynchronous input/output. While it was initially developed just for Node.js, it now witnesses practice with other systems such as Luvit, Julia, Pyuv, and more. Some of its features include:
Ans – The clear
CSS property specifies whether an element can be next to floating elements that precede it or must be moved down (cleared) below them.
Clearing floats (or clear fixing) basically force the containing element to expand to contain its child elements. Thus, it forces the subsequent elements to appear below it.
Ans – This depends on the JavaScript environment.
On the client (browser environment), as long as the variables/functions are declared in the global scope (window
), all scripts can refer to them. Alternatively, adopt the Asynchronous Module Definition (AMD) via RequireJS for a more modular approach.
On the server (Node.js), the common way has been to use CommonJS. Each file is treated as a module and it can export variables and functions by attaching them to the module.exports
object.
ES2015 defines a module syntax that aims to replace both AMD and CommonJS. This will eventually be supported in both browser and Node environments.
Ans – In ES6 let
and const
are hoisted (like var
, class
and function
), but there is a period between entering scope and being declared where they cannot be accessed. This period is the temporal dead zone (TDZ).
Consider:
//console.log(aLet) // would throw ReferenceError
let aLet;
console.log(aLet); // undefined
aLet = 10;
console.log(aLet); // 10
In this example, the TDZ ends when aLet
is declared, rather than assigned.
Ans –
Ans – Disadvantages of GraphQL are:
Ans – Inversion of control is a broad term but for a software developer, it’s most commonly described as a pattern used for decoupling components and layers in the system.
For example, say your application has a text editor component and you want to provide spell-checking.
Your standard code would look something like this:
public class TextEditor {
private SpellChecker checker;
public TextEditor() {
this.checker = new SpellChecker();
}
}
What we’ve done here creates a dependency between the TextEditor and the SpellChecker.
In an IoC scenario we would instead do something like this:
public class TextEditor {
private IocSpellChecker checker;
public TextEditor(IocSpellChecker checker) {
this.checker = checker;
}
}
You have inverted control by handing the responsibility of instantiating the spell checker from the TextEditor class to the caller.
SpellChecker sc = new SpellChecker; // dependency
TextEditor textEditor = new TextEditor(sc);
Ans – Full Stack Developers work with a multitude of languages. Ideally, a candidate must have a few languages that he loves, preferably, some with which he can design the front end and others with which he can take care of the back end. A candidate should be able to demonstrate that well and remember to include the basic most used ones like HTML, CSS, Python, etc.
While returning from Byteland, Stella got one tree with N nodes from her friend over there. All nodes in this tree are colorless and Stella decided to fill colors to make it colorful. Stella wants it to look beautiful and decided to color it in such a way that any 2 nodes u and v with the shortest distance between u and v <=2 can not be of the same color. She is wondering how many different colors she needs if she fills them optimally.
The first line contains a single integer n ( 3 <=n<100) – the number of nodes in the tree. Each of the next(n-1) lines contains two integers x and y(1<=x, y<=n) – the indices of two nodes directly connected by an edge. It is guaranteed that any node is reachable from any other using the edges.
In the first line print a single integer k – the minimum number of colors Steel has to use.
Sample Input 1:
3
2 3
1 3
Sample Output 1:
3
Explanation Output 1:
Tree is like
1 -> 3 ->2
We can color as follows
1: Color a
3: Color b
2: Color c
Total 3 colors
Sample Input 2:
5
2 1
3 2
4 3
5 4
Sample Output 2
3
Explanation Output2:
Tree is like:
1 -> 2 ->3 -> 4 -> 5
We can color as follows
1: Color a
2: Color b
3 : Color c
4: Color a
5 : Color b
Total 3 colors.
Ans – import java.io.BufferReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
Class Test
{
/* Read input from stdin and provide input before
* running*/
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in)) String line
= br.readLine();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
System.out.println(“Hello Word”);
}
}
Ans – In general, an event loop is a mechanism that expects and dispatches events or messages in a program. In Node.js, event loops are central flow constructs.
For example, whenever a request needs to be processed, it is inserted into the event loop and processed as soon as it is ready to be processed.
Rather than doing it alone, the node delegates responsibility for managing the system. Because of this behavior, Node does not actively wait for this task to complete and can process other requests in the meantime.
Ans – Docker is an easy way to run virtual machines on your local machine or in the cloud. While they are not strictly separate machines and do not require an operating system to boot, they offer many of these benefits.
Docker can encapsulate legacy applications, allowing them to be deployed to servers that would otherwise not be easy to configure with older software packages and versions.
Docker can be used to create test blocks during deployment to facilitate ongoing integration testing. Docker can be used to provision boxes in the cloud, and with the swarm, you can also manage clusters.
The Girl in Tech Hackathon is a code-a-thon where developers, designers, scientists, students, entrepreneurs, and educators gather to collaborate on projects including applications, software, hardware, data visualization, and platform solutions. The Participants are sitting around the table, and they are numbered from team1 to team n in a clockwise direction. This means that the Participants are numbered 1,2, ..,n-1,n, and participants 1 and n are sitting next to each other. After the Hackathon duration, judges started reviewing the performance of each participant. However, some participants have not finished the project. Each participant needs an extra minute to complete their project. Judges started reviewing the projects sequentially in the clock direction, starting with team x, and it takes them exactly 1 minute to review each project. This means team x gets no extra time to work, whereas team x +1 gets 1 min more to work and so on. Even if the project is not completed by the participant, the judges still spend 1 min to understand the idea and rank the participant.
The first line contains a single positive integer, n, denoting the number of participants in the hackathon. Given the values of t1,t2, t3,… tn extra time is required by each participant to complete the project. You have to guide judges in selecting the best team x to start reviewing the project so that the number of participants able to complete their project is maximal.
Print x on a new line. If there are multiple such teams,
select the smallest one.
Constraints:
1<=n<=9*10^5
0<=ti<=n
Sample Input:
3
1 0 0
Sample Output:
2
Ans- import java.io.BufferReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
Class Test
{
/* Read input from stdin and provide input before
* running*/
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in)) String line
= br.readLine();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
System.out.println(“Hello Word”);
}
}
Ans – A program may have the property of referential transparency if any two expressions in the program that have the same value can be substituted for one another anywhere in the program without changing the result of the program.
It is used in functional programming. For example, consider the following code snippet:
The variables count1 and count2 will be equal if the value of fun(x) is not reflected. If the variable count1 is not equal to the variable count2, the referential transparency is violated.
Ans – The term REST represents Representational State Transfer. It is a compositional style that is utilized to make Web Services. It utilizes HTTP solicitations to access and utilize the information. We can make, update, read, and erase information.
An API (Application Program Interface) for a site is the code that permits two programming projects to speak with one another. It permits us to compose mentioning administrations from a working framework or other application.
Ans –
Basis for comparison | Server-side scripting | Client-side scripting |
Definition | Works in the backend and is not visible to the client side. | Works in frontend and scripts are visible among users. |
Processing | Server Interaction required | Interaction with the server is not required |
Languages | Ruby on Rails, PHP, ASP.net, Python, ColdFusion, etc. | CSS, HTML, JavaScript, etc. |
Security | Relatively Secure | Insecure |
Ans –
Normalization | Denormalization |
Normalization is used to reduce data redundancy and data inconsistently from the table. | Denormalization is used to add redundancy to execute queries. |
Data integrity is maintained | Data integrity is not maintained |
In normalization, no tables are increased. | In denormalization, no of tables is decreased. |
Normalization optimizes the usage of disk space. | Denormalization does not optimize the disk spaces. |
Ans – Closures are made at whatever point a variable that is characterized externally by the current extension is gotten to from inside some inward degree.
It gives you admittance to an external function’s degree from an internal capacity. In JavaScript, Closures are made each time a capacity is made. To utilize a conclusion, essentially characterize a function inside another function and uncover it.
Ans – An index is used to perform tuning in queries. which can be created to increase the performance of data retrieval. The index can be created on one or more columns of a table.
Ans- This is a typical question to understand your involvement in technology. A good way to demonstrate your involvement in continuous learning would be by speaking about the community meetups you visit.
You can also talk about the webinars and the forums you regularly attend. If you have personal projects on which you apply your skills, this is a good time to showcase that as well.
Ans- This helps in knowing the methodology of the full-stack web developer and also gives an idea of his sharpness and precision in choosing the right toolset.
You need to be as specific as possible and go in-depth while speaking about the reason for choosing a particular toolset. Show a balance between your ability to develop both on the front-end and the back-end of the web application.
It is okay to show that you have more experience in one side of the development game than the other but to demonstrate that you have the ability to work on both ends of the application.
Ans – A full-stack developer should present with the accompanying:
Ans – In Java, a connection leak is a situation when the developer forgets to close the JDBC connection, it is known as a connection leak.
The most common type of Connection Leak experienced in Java development, is when using a Connection Pool (such as DBCP). We can fix it by closing the connection and giving special attention to the error handling code.
Ans – Some of the popular tools used by full-stack developers to make development more accessible and efficient are:
Ans- This is a hypothetical question geared at understanding the level at which the hiring manager will gauge your readiness to start the job.
It is an easy way to distinguish a good full-stack developer from someone who is an amateur. People who have difficulty transmitting their thoughts will have bleak chances of getting through at this point.
Ans – Dependency Injection is a design pattern by which IoC is executed. Injecting objects or connecting objects with other objects is done by the container instead of by the object themselves. It involves three types of classes.
Ans – The main purpose of multithreading is to provide multiple threads of execution concurrently for maximum utilization of the CPU. It allows multiple threads to exist within the context of a process such that they execute individually but share their process resources.
Ans – The purpose of the Observer pattern is to define a one-to-many dependency between objects, as when an object changes its state, then all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.
The object that watches the state of another object is called the observer, and the object that is being watched is called the subject.
Ans – HTML 5 has “data-*” which are custom attributes defined by the developer. They are used when any existing character is not suitable to be used. These attributes are only used on the page they are written on, and they do not need Ajax calls.
These are Global attributes, so they can be applied to any element.
Ans –
S.o | defer | async |
1. | It downloads the file during the HTML parsing but executes the data after the parsing is completed. | It downloads the data during the HTML parsing, but it stops the parsing from executing the downloaded file. |
2. | Defer is used when the script relies upon another script. | Async is used if the script does not rely upon any scripts. |
Ans – Two-phase Commit (2PC) is the feature of transaction processing systems that enables databases to return to the pre-transaction state if an error condition occurs.
The two-phase commit strategy is designed to make sure that either all the databases are updated or none of them is updated. As a result, the databases remain synchronized.
Ans – Event Bubbling and Event Capturing are the ways of the event propagation in the HTML API when an event occurs in an element that is located inside the other part and both the parts have registered a handle with the recently happened event.
Here the event propagation model identifies in which order the elements receive the event.
In the case of Event Bubbling, the event is first captured and also handled by the innermost element, and then the event is propagated to the outermost element.
In the case of Event Capturing, the event is first captured and also handled by the outermost element, and then the event is propagated to the innermost element.
Ans – Prototypes are objects created in Javascript. They are the “parent” objects. If we want to create common tasks (properties/methods) for all the objects inherited from the parent object we need to define them in the prototype object.
Ans – Express.js is a web application server framework. It is used for Node.js. It helps to create node.js applications in less time. It also provides security-related help for node.js.
If you’re an experienced full stack Web Developer with a lot of information to share, articles can be a great way to do so.
Whether you use your own writing skills or let an AI-powered program do all the work for you, you’ll need to know how much average wages are in the industry before talking money in detail though.
Fortunately, our team has done the research so that you don’t have to!
One of the most important steps in choosing a new job for anyone is taking a look at the salary you will be offered for the position. We’re going to discuss how salaries in a variety of positions compare in the UK and in the US.
Ans- A full-stack web developer is a person who can develop both client and server software. In addition to mastering HTML and CSS, he/she also knows how to: Program a browser (like using JavaScript, jQuery, Angular, or Vue) Program a server (like using PHP, ASP, Python, or Node)
Ans- You can only become a full-stack developer knowing front-end tech & knowing back-end tech: Front-End: HTML, CSS, JS, Bootstrap, jQuery, Angular, React, Vue, Aurellia, etc.
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