Technology has made our lives easier with several forms of implementation in different fields still, beginners in coding are always wondering which language they should invest in learning/ working in to get a better learning experience.

With several programming languages for android app development available to software programmers, picking an ideal one for a job can be quite tricky as we are living in an undeniably portable first world.

Android has the most gadgets, however, iOS has an increasingly rewarding business sector. What this implies for engineers is that there is a lot of interest to produce for the two stages, and you can’t generally turn out badly practicing in any case.

Also, old programming languages become obsolete while new programming languages are launched, but they never gain traction. Practical knowledge of more than one language has helped data scientists, senior developers, and driverless vehicle engineers to excel in their profession.

It is an obvious fact that there are two major biological systems for versatile application development: Android and iOS.

Here is a list of Top programming languages for Android app development in 2021

Java

Created: James Gosling primarily designed Java at Sun Microsystems in the year 1996

Pros:

• Object-Oriented language
• Java offers APIs for different activities like Database connection, networking, XML parsing, utilities, etc.
• Powerful open-source Rapid Development tools
• A large number of open-source libraries

Cons:

• Memory management in Java is quite expensive
• The absence of templates can limit your to create high-quality data structures.

Usage/Application: Java is mostly used for developing Android apps, web apps, and Big data.

Salary: An average salary for any Java developer in United State is $101,013 per year.

Learning difficulty: Learning Java is simple and easy.

C

Year Created:

C# is a computer programming language. It’s the first version released in 2001.

Pros:

• C# uses an almost similar syntax which follows by C so it is easy to understand for those who know the C language
• Easy Integration with Windows
• Fully integrated with the .NET library which provides access to a repository of functionality and support.
• Safer than its namesakes (C/++) as pointer types are not permitted

Cons:

• It allows pointers in ‘unsafe’ blocks

Usage applications: Widely used in Enterprise Cross-Applications Development, Web Applications

Salary:

The average salary for a “C# developer” ranges from $66,493 per year to $101,775 per year.

Learning Difficulty: Hard

C++

Created:

C++ is a programming language that was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983.

Pros:

• It is a popular language, and thus, there are many compilers and libraries
• Other programming languages like C, C#, and Java have very similar syntax to C++, making it easy to learn for everyone who knows C++.
• No garbage collector is running in the background.

Cons

• The syntax is complex, and the standard library is small, making this language very difficult to learn for the beginner programmer.
• C++ programs can’t support garbage collection or Dynamic Memory Allocation
• The object orientation system in C++ is unnecessarily basic compared to other languages.

Usage applications: C++ is widely used in Game Development, Advance Computations, and Graphics Compilers

Salary:

The average salary of C++ developers in the United States is $113,865 per year.

Learning Difficulty: Hard

Kotlin

Pros:

Clean and short syntax, good for Android app developers. The Kotlin compiler aims to fail fast whenever possible. This greatly facilitates searching for bugs and can even prevent them in the first place. The Kotlin compiler performs many checks, avoiding runtime errors and reducing the cost and effort of error fixes.

Usage/ Applications

Kotlin allows you to keep using your productivity-enhancing tools. If you use IntelliJ, IDE interop is entirely seamless: code can be refactored, searched, navigated, and auto-completed as if the Kotlin code was Java and vice-versa. There is full support for debugging, unit testing, profiling, and so on.

Learning Difficulty:  Moderate

Javascript

Created: JavaScript was earlier called LiveScript when it first shipped with Netscape Navigator 2.0 in September 1995. Later, it was renamed a JavaScript.

Pros:

• Client-side JavaScript is very fast as it can be run quickly in the client-side browser
• JavaScript is relatively simple to learn.
• It can work smoothly with other languages and can be used in a huge variety of applications.
• Grease monkey support to write snippets of JavaScript that can execute on specific web pages

Cons:

• JavaScript only allows single inheritance, so multiple inheritances are not possible
• No copy or equal method is available in JavaScript.
• JavaScript is interpreted differently by different browsers.

Usage/ Applications: JavaScript usage includes web/mobile app development, game development, and desktop app development.

Salary: An average wage for a Javascript developer in the United States is around $110,981 per year

Learning Difficulty: Easy

R

Created: R was designed by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka at the University of Auckland. This project was conceived in 1992, but it’s the initial version released in 1995, and a stable beta version in 2000.

Pros:

• R is a comprehensive statistical analysis language that encourages you to develop new ideas
• As a statistical language which is considered to be very easy to code
• R is open-source software. Therefore, anyone can use and change it
• R is good for GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows.
• R is cross-platform which means it can seamlessly run on different operating systems.

Cons:

• In R, the quality of some packages is not up to the mark
• R does not have the best memory management. Therefore, it may consume all available memory.

Usage/Application: Data Science projects, Statistical computing, Machine learning

Salary: An average wage for any R developer ranges from approximately $90,042 to $136,616 per year

Learning Difficulty: Hard

Corona SDK

Pros

• Single codebase. You are not required to hire various designers and use diverse development situations for every gadget in Corona.
• Importance of design
• Community
• Quicker Monetization
• Dominant APIs
• FPS.

Cons

• You won’t be writing apps in their native languages (ie. objective-c for iOS and Java for Android). …
• A lot of times not writing apps natively can negatively impact the performance of an app. …
• You will be directly limited by the Corona SDK.

Usage/ Applications:

Corona is a complete framework that lets you create games, educational apps, business/utility apps, and more. Corona is cross-platform — develop for mobile, desktop, and connected TV devices with just one codebase. Development is done in Lua, a powerful and easy-to-learn scripting language.

Learning Difficulty: Easy

Python

Pros:

• Supports multiple systems and platforms
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) driven.
• Helps to improve Programmer’s Productivity
• Allows you to scale even the most complex applications with ease
• Extensive Support Libraries

Cons:

• Note ideal for Mobile Computing
• Python’s database access layer is a bit underdeveloped and primitive.

Usage/Application: Web and Internet Development, Scientific and Numeric applications, Desktop GUIs, and Business applications. It is widely used in AI and Machine Learning space.

Salary: An average salary for any Python developer in the United State is $114,383 per year.

Learning Difficulty: Easy

PHP

Year Created:

Rasmus Lerdorf created PHP in 1994

Pros:

• Running with PHP is simple
• Functional and Object-Oriented Programming
• Large Open Source Software Community
• A reasonably good system of automation tools available for testing and deploying

Cons:

• Error handling facility is poor as PHP lacks a debugging tool
• PHP is not secure as it is one of the open-source languages
• Developing a website with PHP Web Development is slower than other programming languages.

Usage applications: Web Applications, Content Management Systems, eCommerce Applications

Salary:

The average salary for a PHP Developer in the US is $84,727 per year

Learning Difficulty: Easy

SQL

Created: SQL was developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce. This language was made available publicly in 1979.

Pros:

• Powerful query language
• Optimized for large numbers of table rows
• Fast for searching and querying data
• High availability and consistency of data
• Fast for retrieving data from multiple tables

Cons:

• Difficult to convert data from Objects into database tables
• It can only run on a single server, so increasing speed means upgrading hardware.
• As SQL databases run on a single server so in case if the server stop working, then the database shouldn’t be accessed

Usage applications: Used in Any Database

Salary: The average salary earned by SQL Developer is $84,792 per year in the United States

Learning Difficulty: Easy

Go(Golang)

Created: Go language which is also known as golang is developed at Google in 2009 by Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson, and Rob Pike.

Pros:

• Go is a really fast language as it is compiled to machine code
• Its syntax is small compared to other languages, and it’s easy to learn.
• Offers standard library to provide handy built-in functions for working with primitive types
• Go makes concurrent programming easy.

Cons:

• Poor Library Support
• Interfaces Are Implicit
• Fractured Dependency Management

Usage applications: Console utilities, GUI applications, and web applications

Salary:

The average salary earned by GO Developers is $94,082 per year in the United States.

Learning Difficulty: Difficult

HTML

Pros

• Easy to Learn
• HTML is Free
• It is supported by all Browsers.
• It is lightweight
• It is the basic learning step of all programming languages.

Cons

• Errors can be costly.
• The time it takes to choose the color scheme of a page and to create lists, tables, and forms.
• It can create only static and plain pages so if we need dynamic pages then HTML is not useful.
• Need to write a lot of code for making a simple webpage.

Usage/ Applications:

HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, is used to create web pages. Site authors use HTML to format text as titles and headings, to arrange graphics on a webpage, to link to different pages within a website, and to link to different websites.

Learning Difficulty:  Easy

CSS

Pros

• Easier to maintain and update.
• Greater consistency in design.
• More formatting options.
• Lightweight code.
• Faster download times.
• Search engine optimization benefits.

Cons

• Speed: Downloading an HTML page will always take longer if CSS is embedded within it.
• Weirdness: While CSS is easy to use and understand, its syntax is very different from HTML and not terribly user-friendly.

Usage/ Applications: CSS is the language for describing the presentation of Web pages, including colors, layout, and fonts. It allows one to adapt the presentation to different types of devices, such as large screens, small screens, or printers. CSS is independent of HTML and can be used with any XML-based markup language.

Learning Difficulty:  Moderate

Presenting Here a List of Top Android App Development Companies this 2020:

Here is a recommended list of the top 5 android app development companies based on the reviews on trusted rating agencies like clutch and Good firms as well as the organic ranking on search engines.

#1. Pixelcrayons: An award-winning Android app development company

Looking for experienced as well as adroit developers? Then head straight to this company with 14+ years of experience. One and a half-decade of industry experience provides them with an ability to grasp the needs of clients in the first meeting itself.

Their client retention rate of 97% speaks volumes about their efficiency and hard work. The team is well-credited for its strict NDA and 100% money-back guarantee. You can avail of their Android app development services which are combined with the latest technologies like AI, VR, AR, blockchain, etc as per the needs of clients.

#2. Appinventiv: Chooses the best ideas and changes them into reality

The team strength of Appinventiv is 250+ employees. In its journey of six years, it has expanded exponentially. Their offices are located in India, the USA, the UK, and Dubai. Their team comprises designers, developers, testers, and business strategists.

Their solutions are known for their efficiency and top-notch quality as well as results. The Appinventiv team extends its complete support to allow maximum growth to its clients with optimum android development services.

#3. Mutual Mobile: Blurs the difference between the digital and real worlds.

If you are looking for an android app development company that will work according to your goals, then Mutual Mobile is the best option. Their top-notch solutions find credit in every industrial domain from healthcare to tourism.

They are acclaimed by their clientele for bringing the vision into reality; the digital reality. The outcomes delivered by them are almost equal to the expectations of the service takers.

#4. Quytech: Delivered 150+ projects

It has been a decade since the inception of this efficient company in the mobile app development industry. Their team is delivering its solutions to all sizes of companies from startups to enterprise-level organizations.

They provide detailed consultation to their clients before starting a project. Technologies covered in their services include artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, etc. Quytech has found its clients all over the globe throughout its journey.

#5. Value Coders: A well-known Android app development company

Since its inception in 2004, Valuecodes has expanded its team to 500+ designers, developers, QAs, and testers. It has shown exponential growth in the android app development market by focusing on clients from all over the globe.

Each of their team members possesses experience in varied domains to which they are delegated. This means that if you want to develop an android app for an e-commerce business then Valuecoders will provide you with a developer who has years of experience in this domain.